Compression Fractures in the Elderly

Compression fractures are small cracks in the vertebrae, specifically in the vertebral body (the front part of the bone). These fractures weaken the spine, leading to collapse and potentially affecting posture over time. For older adults, they can be quite debilitating but there are ways to remedy them. In this post, we’ll review life expectancy, causes, symptoms, and treatment for compression fractures in the elderly.

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What is Life Expectancy After Compression Fractures in the Elderly?

Life expectancy after a compression fracture in elderly isn’t directly impacted, but it can have an impact on overall health. If left untreated or if it’s severe, a compression fracture can lead to complications such as reduced mobility, muscle weakness, and a higher risk of additional fractures. These factors, combined with less physical activity, can gradually contribute to a decline in health. A compression fracture is just one element in assessing life expectancy, and the provider will also consider other factors, like whether osteoporosis is worsening. Even in cases of generally good health, discussing the specific situation with a provider is essential to obtain the most accurate outlook.

What Are the Causes of Compression Fractures in Elderly?

Compression fractures can be the direct result of the following causes:

• Injuries or accidents. This includes falls, car accidents, or other forms of physical trauma that can result in a compression fracture.
• Osteoporosis. As people age, their bones naturally weaken, making them more susceptible to fractures. In cases of severe osteoporosis, fractures can occur during routine activities such as getting out of a car, sneezing, coughing, or making sudden movements.
• Cancer. Cancerous tumors can spread to the spine, weakening the vertebrae and leading to fractures.

What Are the Symptoms of Compression Fractures in Elderly?

Compression fractures can result in numerous signs. Symptoms of compression fractures in older adults include:

• Limited mobility and flexibility (difficulty standing, walking, bending, or twisting)
• Muscle weakness or spasms
• Sudden back pain (pain may improve with rest but worsen with movement)
• Tingling or numbness in the back, often due to pinched nerves
• Tenderness at the site of the fracture

Now that we know more about causes and symptoms, let’s take a look at compression fracture treatment in elderly.

What Are Methods of Treatment for Compression Fractures in Elderly?

Compression fracture treatment for elderly includes:

• Braces. These provide support for the vertebrae and relieve pain by limiting spine movement. It may need to be worn for 4-12 weeks, depending on the condition.
• Medications to strengthen bones. Bisphosphonates can slow bone loss, stabilize bones, and reduce the risk of further fractures in cases of osteoporosis.
• Pain relief medication. Over-the-counter NSAIDs, muscle relaxers, or prescription medications may be recommended to manage pain. It’s important to follow the provider’s instructions when using these medications.
• Physical therapy. A physical therapist can guide stretches and exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles around the spine, improving support and mobility.
• Surgery (vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty). These minimally invasive procedures involve injecting bone cement into the affected vertebra to stabilize and support it.

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